Unit6虛主詞it
It + takes + 時間 + for sb + to V....
→ It + takes + sb + 時間 + to V....
說明
此句型表示「某人花了多少時間做……」，it為虛主詞，代替後面的真主詞to V。take 表示「花費」之意，若將人放時間後面，則要加介系詞for。
例句
1. It took ages for Gino to get around his
bicycle factory.
→ It
took Gino ages to get around his bicycle factory.
(在他的腳踏車工廠四處走動花了Gino很久的時間。)
2. It took nearly a year for Dick to find a
job.
→ It
took Dick nearly a year to find a job.
(Dick花了近一年的時間才找到工作。)
3. It took four days for us to finish
painting the whole house.
→ It
took us four days to finish painting the whole
house.
(我們花了四天才漆完整棟屋子。)
It is (was) N/adj. + that S
+ V …
【說明】it當形式上的主詞，代替真正主詞that子句，此種用法在英文中很常見。如果主詞太長，為了避免頭重腳輕，常會把主詞往後移，而用此句型。
【例句】1. It is not strange that some people prefer to
live alone.
有些人比較喜歡獨居並不奇怪。
2. It is a good thing that you can shop online nowadays.
現今可以上網購物是件好事。
【練習】(1) 你在寫書是件好事。
It is a good thing that you are writing a book.
(2)
她不能再生育實在很悲哀。
It is sad that she could not have another baby.
It + be + Adj
(+ for sb) + to V....
→ To V... + be + Adj (+ for sb).
說明
此句型的真主詞為不定詞片語 (to V)，當不定詞片語較長時，可以虛主詞it代替；因此本句型可還原為 To V... + be + Adj (+ for sb).。for sb表示「對某人而言……」，可視情況省略之。
例句
1. It would be romantic for me to find my Mr.
Right online.
→ To find my Mr. Right online would be
romantic for me.
(在網路上找到我的真命天子對我而言是浪漫的。)
2. It is very convenient for me to shop on the
Internet.
→ To shop on the Internet is very
convenient for me.
(網路購物對我而言是很方便的。)
3. It was not easy to do so much homework in half
an hour.
→ To do so much homework in half an hour
was not easy.
(在半小時內要做這麼多的功課是不容易的。)
It is adj. + to V …
做……是……的
【說明】(1) it在句中為虛主詞，代替原本的主詞to V …。
(2) It
is adj. for sb. + to V… 對某人來說做……是……的
【例句】1. It is dangerous to play with fire.
玩火是很危險的。
2. It is impossible for Joseph to finish the report by Wednesday.
對約瑟夫來說，要在星期三之前完成報告是不可能的。
【練習】(1) 要做這個決定是很困難的。
It was hard to make the
decision.
(2) 跟著你工作一段時間對艾蜜莉來說是件好事。
It is good for Emily to work
with you for a while.
It + be/V +
adj. + (for somebody) + to V …. （對某人來說）做……是……的
【說明】虛主詞it用來代替後面的真主詞 to V，可讓句子看起來更加精簡。
【例句】1. It is dangerous
for women to walk alone on the streets at night.
對女性而言，夜晚獨自在街上走很危險。
2. It seems
easy to find books in the library.
在圖書館找書似乎很容易。
【練習】(1) 透過星座了解人的個性很有趣。
It is interesting to learn about people’s personalities through
their horoscope.
(2) 這些折價券值得你保存下來。
It is worthwhile for
you to
save these discount coupons.
3. When it comes to + V-ing/N…, S + V …. 說到……；提及……
【說明】句型中to為介系詞，後面須跟動名詞或名詞。
【例句】1. When it comes to writing business e-mails,
many young people seem unaware of some basic rules.
說到寫商用電子郵件，許多年輕人似乎不知道一些基本規則。
2. David is
second to none in our class when it comes to English.
提到英文，大衛在我們班上無人能比。
【練習】(1) 說到參加葬禮的穿著，人們通常穿黑色衣服。
When
it
comes
to dressing for a funeral, people usually wear black.
(2) 說到抽菸時，許多人都不知道其中隱藏的危險。
Many people
don’t know the hidden dangers when it
comes
to smoking.
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